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Today's detectors allow scientists to observe cosmic particles with energies surpassing those obtained in particle accelerators, making of the universe a new laboratory for particle physicists.

Julia Kempe couldn't bring herself to choose between physics and maths, nor between two graduate institutions. So she did two Ph.D.s at once in quantum computation.

Environmental forensics is an established discipline in North America, but in the United Kingdom and Europe, the field has emerged more slowly. It's gaining speed, however.

"Interactive museums have sprouted around Italy and across Europe as the European Commission and individual nations have placed science-and-society issues higher on the agenda."

Being lead programmer "can be a lonely role stuck between the code pool and the management and therefore requires a level of confidence in oneself," says Marchalot's boss, Brandon Smith.

His cultural identity has not caused any real hardships or put any of his professional goals out of reach, Bounceur feels.

Lewis, who trained as a geoscientist to doctoral level, describes her work at Dstl as 'research, but a different kind of research.'

"Even if being back at a postdoc position was quite difficult," says Valentina Emiliani, "this was a necessary step."

Once they are in, young employees often state how surprised they are at how high tech, innovative, and environmentally-friendly today's steel industry is.

"They can be very good computer scientists, but they will not be hired if they don’t fit in the company culture" of Google, says new employee Oliver Heckmann.

Although "the researcher is free to do whatever he wants," says Marché, "I will be working in a team, so I will necessarily get interested in their field of research."

Columbus Superconductors shows that a few opportunities can be made or grabbed by those who remain determined and keep the faith in the technology's potential.

Early-Stage Training fellowships offer Ph.D. researchers the opportunity to pursue specialised training for a period of 3 months to 3 years as part of their doctoral training.

In Spain, "Most people integrate into an existing and functioning lab," which gives them less freedom," says de Nalda Minguez.

Due to the high volume of questions received, the CareerDoctor cannot answer all queries on an individual basis. Look for an answer to your question published in this column soon! Thank you!

By age 40, a mere 20% of astronomy PhDs have astronomy faculty jobs at universities (or scientific positions at observatories) in country …

Out on a mountain, Mather says, "you have to work with the situation" and solve the practical difficulties as best you can.

Get out and meet fellow researchers, and never turn down an opportunity to give a talk.